Health Insurance Matrix Essay - 2138 Words

University of Phoenix Material Health Insurance Matrix Origin: When was the model first used? What kind of payment system is used, such as prospective, retrospective, or concurrent? Who pays for care? What is the access structure, such as gatekeeper, open-access, and so forth? How does the model affect patients? Include pros and cons. How does the model affect providers? Include pros and cons. Indemnity In 1932 the American Medical Association (AMA) adopted a strong position against prepaid group practices, favoring instead indemnity-type insurance that protects the policyholder from expenses by reimbursement (Jones Bartlett, 2007). As one of the first health policies in the U.S., indemnity plans are considered†¦show more content†¦Potential for higher payment amounts at time of service. Alternatively, there is a potential for greater debt amounts. Larger debts will make it necessary for health care providers to be more aggressive for collections. Providers will also encounter increased staff costs in order to follow-up with patients in advance of treatment, as well as in subsequent collection efforts (Fifth Third Bank, 2008). Point-of-service HealthPartners of Minneapolis pioneered point-of-service (POS) plans in 1961, but the concept took 25 years to get off the starting blocks (Dimmit, B., 1996). In 1986 CIGNA Healthcare launched Flexcare, the first POS plan. By 1995 forty percent of employers with at least 200 employees offered POS plans. Providers within a point-of-service network are usually paid a capitated fee. The fee is fixed and does not alter regardless of services rendered. POS plans operate using a prospective payment system. Insurance companies reimburse providers an agreed amount that is decided before a patient receives services. Patients are responsible for paying a co-payment when visiting a doctor. After the patient is seen, the provider submits claim forms to the insurer for the services rendered. Once the claims are processed the insurer will reimburse the provider (Austin Wetle, 2012). If a patient goes out-of-network, they are required to pay the provider in full. Afterwards the patient can submit a claim for reimbursement. Point-of-service insurance plansShow MoreRelatedHealth Insurance Matrix3133 Words   |  13 PagesMaterial Health Insurance Matrix As you learn about health care delivery in the United States, it is important to understand the various models of health insurance to develop a working knowledge as you progress through the course. The following matrix is designed to help you develop that knowledge and assist you in understanding how health care is financed and how health insurance influences patients and providers as important foundational information for your role as a future health care workerRead Morehealth insurance matrix HCS/235 Essay637 Words   |  3 PagesMaterial Health Insurance Matrix As you learn about health care delivery in the United States, it is important to understand the various models of health insurance to develop a working knowledge as you progress through the course. The following matrix is designed to help you develop that knowledge and assist you in understanding how health care is financed and how health insurance influences patients and providers as important foundational information for your role as a future health care workerRead More HCS 235 Week 2 Completed Health insurance matrix1163 Words   |  5 PagesMaterial Health Insurance Matrix As you learn about health care delivery in the United States, it is important to understand the various models of health insurance to develop a working knowledge as you progress through the course. The following matrix is designed to help you develop that knowledge and assist you in understanding how health care is financed and how health insurance influences patients and providers as important foundational information for your role as a future health care workerRead MoreHistorical Context Matrix Essay1588 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Historical Context Matrix As you learn about health care delivery in the United States, it is important to understand the history of health care delivery to develop a working knowledge as you progress through the course. The following matrix is designed to help you develop that working knowledge. Fill in the following matrix. Each box should contain responses between 50 and 100 words. |Historical Context |Historical background?|Where is the care |WhoRead MoreHCS/212 Health Services and Systems Matrix Essay1227 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿University of Phoenix Material Health Services and Systems Matrix Choose at least seven services or systems from the following list: Hospice care World Health Organization (WHO) Public health Rehabilitation center Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Medicare Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS Center for Disease Control (CDC) Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Joint Commission on Accreditation of HealthcareRead MoreManage Care and How It Has Affected and Changed Health Care Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesCare and How It Has Affected and Changed Health Care Manage Care and how it has affected and changed Health Care â€Å"Managed care embodies an effort by employers, the insurance industry, and some elements of the medical profession to establish priorities and decide who gets what from the health care system.† (JAMA.2001; pg. 285:2622-2628). Manage Care is part of the Health Care system since 1973 is known as the system that finances and delivers health care to individuals enrolled under theirRead MoreFinancing The Failing U.s. Healthcare System1515 Words   |  7 Pagesservice, fee-for-service. Variable payment reimbursement removes the burden of risk from the health care providers because they needn’t worry about the costs of their services exceeding the fixed amounts they receive. The amount a consumer is forced to pay determines to what degree they are incentivized to utilize healthcare services from providers. Little to no out-of-pocket costs and a high level of insurance coverage act as an incentive for a consumer to seek medical services while a consumer withRead MoreEssay about MATRIX GRID hcs 455 week 2 2464 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿University of Phoenix Material Health Care Reform Matrix With your learning team, complete the Health Care Reform matrix below. Listed in this matrix are some of the topics addressed by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act policy. You are required to describe the issue, in your own words, and list 2-3 points about each topic under each heading in the matrix. Describe the issue: Key concerns regarding the issue: How is this issue addressed in the current health care environment? How will thisRead MoreReadiness for Future Health Needs at Banner Health1249 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Readiness for Future Health Needs at Banner Health Name Grand Canyon University Michael Jones NRS- 451V Date Readiness for Future Health Needs at Banner Health Banner Health celebrates its fifteen year anniversary this year (2014). Samaritan Health System merged with Lutheran Health System September 1st, 1999. Lutheran Health System began in 1938 across Western and Mid-Western states. Samaritan Health System dates back to 1911 that covered California and Arizona, primarilyRead MoreThe Shift Of The Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1100 Words   |  5 Pagesof different payment and reimbursement options, health insurance programs, and the establishment of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Between May 2009 and April 2012, one of the initial PCMH pilot programs was conducted in Colorado, appropriately named The Colorado Multipayer Patient-Centered Medical Home Pilot. More than 100,000 patients within sixteen internal medicine practices participated in the experimental PCMH model, using six different health plans (Harbrecht Latts, 2012). When the pilot

Wide Sargasso Se The Intersection Of English And British...

Jean Rhys’s novel Wide Sargasso Sea centers on the intersection of English and British colonial cultures through the union of Rochester and Antoinette Cosway. Rochester represents patriarchal and imperialist Victorian values, which Mary Lou Emery suggests thrive in part on â€Å"distinctions between...legitimate and illegitimate sexuality, madness and reason, primitive and civilized behavior, [and] fiction and fact† (428). Antoinette threatens these supposedly objective distinctions in her emotional (â€Å"‘Afraid of what?’...‘Of nothing, of everything!’† (Rhys 45)) and intellectual (â€Å"‘Not slaves. Something must have happened a long time ago. Nobody remembers now.’† (Rhys 39)) uncertainty, which reflect the ambivalence of colonial, specifically black, culture towards English reason and fact. Antoinette’s most glaring dualities, however, appear in her subversion of racial and sexual conventions, and Rochest er ultimately perceives her as mad because these ambiguous identities confuse the essentialist binary systems that patriarchal and imperialist ideologies derive from, and with them his understanding of reality. The most obvious binary in Wide Sargasso Sea is the black/white racial binary. Imperialism holds race to be one-dimensional and static, and distinguishes only between two racial groups: white English colonists and black former slaves. This simplistic racial dichotomy cannot account for the multi-faceted reality of race in the West Indies, however, and is problematized when

Women in an Inferior position in China Free Essays

The view of women in china may have changed over the years but they all have lived in a male dominated world. The past has been like many cultures, in the legal and cultural suppression of women. The culture of china’s past has placed women as a far inferior position to men. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in an Inferior position in China or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this environment gaining power and rights was extremely difficult. Despite this there are stories of important and powerful women in china’s history. This is different than many cultures of the world where the suppression of women’s rights was total through their history. The culture has become more open to women’s rights over the years, allowing for more power and more control for them as they years went on. Education has slowly been allowed along with greater human rights. Modern women are allowed to travel, be educated, marry and be the sole wife. They commonly participate in politics, as well as all other fields of work. Women of modern times in china have greater possibilities and fewer limitations, but things are not perfect, there is still a social bias lingering from past inequality. The women of china’s past lived in an intensely male dominated world. Men dominated china both in law and in culture. Legally women were in servitude to men in the forms of marriage polygamy was common practice for men. For the most part women did not ever participate in the governing of the country. There were Dynasties that were less conservative, women were allowed more power at times. This is evidenced by the rule of Empress Wu. She rose to power from the status of concubine to rule china. This was more exceptional rather than the rule. When the Sung dynasty took over, men dominated again. Any ability of women to gain political power was taken away. It is in the culture that the real domination can be seen. Without this the legal repression would not have happened. Many practices reinforced the view that women were inferior. From basic philosophy, Yin and Yang, equated, darkness to women and light to men. The beliefs of Confucianism said that women weren’t meant to do outdoor work, thus construing them as weak and inferior. The idea of having them not do outdoor work was reinforced by the practice of foot binding. Again started in the Sung dynasty, this practice along with the other preferences on the appearance of women objectified them and put barriers on what women could do or be. Women were seen as property, as seen by the practice of concubines and polygamy those of high status had many women and having many sons was an even higher symbol of status. Despite these legal and cultural blocks on women, the domination was not total. There were many female figures that were looked up to and honored, both legendary and real women. At times the culture changed enough to allow women to participate in politics, and more rights were given to them. Powerful women of the past were looked up to and revered. The Queen Mother of the West was mixed with legend and history, but she was worship at times by men. Other legends indicate that women could be respected. Although Disney has probably distorted it a bit, the legend of Mulan even by being passed down shows a respect for women. Not only legends were respected. There were several times in the past that women have risen to power Empress Zhen (AD 182) was fought over and had power through her beauty and high status. Other women had even more power, Empress Wu, actually had power, and ruled china for a time. The culture of china’s past has surpressed women, through it’s culture and laws, with brief periods of cultural change, in which women gained rights and respect were brief and followed by periods which they were again taken away. These limitations on women, were reinforced by the isolation that china had, continuing into the twentieth century this isolation prevented women from leaving if they could not stand their situation. Despite the few legendary women the opportunities for advancement or power for women were few and difficult. Things have changed in recent times. Women are gaining power and rights in modern times. There are international groups protecting their rights as well. The first good example of this is in the ways of marriage. Arranged marriages, and those for money are no longer the norm. They are allowed to maintain their own names with marriage. Without this they are did not have as much of a separate identity. Also in modern times, women have gained the rights of inheritance from their families, equal to that of their brothers. Other aspects of women in marriage have changed. They are not as expected to bear children, and the culture is changing to give them a voice in this decision. In the areas of employment, there are opportunities as well. Women now make up 38 percent of the total workforce. In most major parts of the work force women play a part. Women even play a part in politics, representing a major part of their official government. These women are not legendary, or exceptional. It is just accepted and considered normal. Women have made advances in the field of education as well. Illiteracy among women has fallen as well and education is accepted. Women are allowed in universities and even given funding to continue education. These opportunities, encouraged by many international organizations are also backed by Chinese law. The law states: 1.Equal rights for men and women. The Constitution stipulates that â€Å"Women enjoy equal rights with men in all spheres of life, political, economic, cultural and social, including family life†; 2.Protection of special rights and interests of women; and 3.Banning of any discrimination, maltreatment and persecution directed at women. In addition Other laws have been enacted concerning their rights. These explicitly state aspects of life that women are equal to men. For example equal, equal votes, and rights to political power, freedom, and protection. These laws being stated are the only thing that I can see evidencing that there are not equal opportunities for women. The fact that they have to be stated so explicitly probably indicates a problem. It is difficult to find out what the cultural views of women are from the outside, but it appears that they have all the major opportunities that men do and that their power is increasing. One thing that has really changed is in the area of the world. There is the opportunity to leave the country and go to another culture. Granted the rest of the world is still mostly male dominated in culture, but the opportunity to emigrate is still there. The only lingering restrictions are from tradition. Lingering views of women as being inferior are probably the only thing that could keep them back now. These things can be seen through the increasingly seldom seen practices of mail order brides and foot binding. In addition, I came across a large industry of pornography featuring Chinese women when searching for information. These things limit the respect that women have in society. The opportunities for women have grow through history. Starting from the possessive view of women, giving them no rights, and giving men utter control, has changed in recent history to the to allow women more power, rights and education. Women have had their limits striped away, partly with law and partly through changing culture. The physical limitations have gone as well. The opportunities for travel have grown as well, the world is more open, and the ability to find a place more accepting exists. With fewer limitations, opportunities for women are increasing. How to cite Women in an Inferior position in China, Papers

Culture and Health-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a Culture and Health Reflective Assignment. Answer: During my study in nursing I was been very significant about my experience and awareness about the aboriginal peoples. Also, my personal outlooks have been affected significantly in the span of this semester. This unit played a pivotal role in enhancing my cognition and awareness on indigenous population of Australia, and their historical backgrounds. There also has been quite a change in my response towards this unit from how I initially expected it, and have repeatedly triggered my emotions. Learning about the plight of the children in these indigenous communities was really horrific and heart touching. This is the place where adoption becomes possibly the most important factor, I believe. In the past, the people from these indigenous or native communities were required to give up their customs and culture in order to amalgamate with the western culture and way of life, hoping that they would be able to acclimatize. In 1951 this was even adopted as an official government strategy. I was truly shocked to learn about the fate of those youngsters who were taken by social service workers. The children were made to live with white people as slaves and often would face sexual assault, instead of being put in better families providing emotional support. The families of these Aboriginal children would also be lied to with misinformation about the jobs their children are involved in, not knowing that the kids would end up being slaves to well to do Caucasian families. These made me realize that I have been consistently fed wrong information about the history of the country I belong to (Camer on et al., 2014). The frameworks used for the analysis of the culture are known as knowing framework. It has 4 components knowing how, knowing what, knowing why and knowing one. Indigenous Australian culture is both very rich and diverse, and the Australian Aborigines, having a history of more than 50,000 years are one of the oldest and the most established of the known tribes in existence. Their success of survival can be contributed to their ability to evolve to adjust to changes over time. Their legacy is kept alive by the transfer of knowledge, insights, exhibitions and customs to the young members of the community. The essential prosperity of the Aboriginal individuals is their territory, its condition that managed by the general population and culture, loaded with profound prosperity (Smith et al., 2015). Native individuals were seeker assembles who rummaged for uncultivated plant and wild creatures. The customary eating regimen was high in starches, proteins and supplements and low in fat and sugars. The present day Aboriginal eating routine are vigorously westernized and have a tendency to be high in fat and sugar yet low in starch, fibre and fats (Garcia et al., 2016). Acquiring the change in the state of wellbeing of indigenous peoples was considered a matter of reputation for the Australian government. Difference in the state of prosperity between the local and non local population was barred for a long time. The United Nations considered this as a source of strain on the Human Rights of these groups. The speculation of communal elements assist to see that prosperity of people and confirmation of awkwardness is done by different social parts, consistently. Additionally, human right laws makes it necessary for each benefit to be interconnected and affecting the scope of a particular law, and impacting the adaptability of few other laws. Therefore, because of the agreed importance, a discussion of human rights can help in identifying the potential consequences of prosperity in lieu of the undertakings and the course of action of the governing bodies in the local communities (Ramraj et al., 2016). Some applicable sources of disparity among the wellbeing of the indigenous and native Australians includes the non participation and the lack of similar openness towards improving the level of well being and the essential care, compared to the non- native population of Australia. It is seen that the Australian Native and Indigenous populace, are not open to the idea of attaining an equal chance to be similar to the non native population. Regarding the matter of strong family ties, amid my last situation, there was a native patient who was regularly gone by such expansive gatherings of individuals that it would overpower medical attendants who trusted it was ruining conveyance of care (Santoro Kennedy, 2016). While I valued their help and solidarity, I too felt like they were hindering consideration, until I later learnt from the patient that as a general rule, the general population going to were normally not close family but rather group individuals, out of social obligation. To enhance my nursing practice, I plan to recognize the indigenous Australians estimation of group ties, now that I have more knowledge on their group character. The rate of advancement was perceived as inadequate, in the past couple of decades, to diminish the awkward differences among the Australian local and the indigenous. As an example, an incorporation along whole deal estimations such as the future estimate. Although developmental measures were made in improve the prosperity status of the Australian Indigenous and local communities, they were never at par with the hasty capture in prosperity seen in the comprehensive population. The mortality risks due to cardiovascular diseases and dysfunctions have reduced by 30% since 1991 within the comprehensive group (Eades, 2015). Type II diabetes is right now perceived as a critical medical issue for Indigenous Australians everywhere and particularly for those living in remote ranges, with the occurrence being three times progressively that of non-Indigenous Australians. While type II diabetes is connected to hereditary vulnerability, its improvement is fixing to poor way of life decisions like unfortunate sustenance and physical disability (Parker Milroy, 2014). Detachment of solid substances, for example, products of the soil in remote ranges, adds to utilization of handled nourishments high in sugar, salt and fats, expanding odds of type II diabetes, heart maladies and weight. Additionally, administration and treatment of type II diabetes can be troublesome in remote ranges because of detachment of wellbeing administrations. To address this medical problem for Indigenous patients, I would construct compatibility by really exhibiting a comprehension of their social foundation, by enquiring their individual advantages on issues, for example, family contribution in basic leadership. I would likewise concoct methods of teaching them on solid ways of life and administration of the condition. The experience of indigenous and local people concerning divergence within the condition of prosperity seems to be connected to the vital issue of partition. In the past the indigenous and local communities of Australia did not get the same opportunities of being as healthy and fir as the non-indigenous population. This was mostly owing to the inability of involve the proper organizational standards and a lack of transparency of the organizations involved in improving their prosperity (Lowell et al., 2015). This resulted in incorrect course of action in regards to the establishment and fundamental care of prosperity within the indigenous and local population of Australia. These aberrations were considered both as inefficient and avoidable. This legacy was tended to absolution, and a basic test for these people to receive maximum benefit from their right to prosperity. On each significant pointer, the indigenous populace of Australia is known for encountering a few financial inconveniences. According to National Census of 2001, normal total pay of families of the Australian native and indigenous populace was distinguished as $ 364 weekly, which is 62 for each penny earned by non-native populace at $ 585 weekly. According to a similar statistics, the amount of joblessness among indigenous populace was 20 for every penny, which is three times higher than the amount for the non-native populace of Australia (Newman et al., 2015). Relationship was shown by different investigations between the monetary and social condition of people and their overall wellbeing. Without a doubt, neediness is generally identified with impoverished level of wellbeing. A lack of proficiency and instruction are profoundly related with the impoverished status of wellbeing, and it affects the extent of people to utilize the framework of wellbeing and its maintenance. Poor level of wage brings about the diminishment of access towards prescriptions and administrations of medicinal services. Once-over lodging and stuffed regions are exceedingly identified with destitution and bring about contributing towards transmittable ailments being spread over (Lemelin, Koster Youroukos, 2015). These looks into have likewise depicted that poorer people additionally confront issue of less monetary help alongside the absence of a few other shape to control fitting level of prosperity. This has brought about the commitment of an immense weight on the unfortunate worry where long introduction on requests of brain research in which the odds of governing the occasion can be seen as confined and its conceivable outcomes about getting any compensation are few. Endless anxiety can impact the safe framework, metabolic capacities and circulatory framework by various hormonal ways and is identified with various medical problems because of circulatory sicknesses, aggressive behaviour at home, emotional well-being issues and a few different types of brokenness with the group (Baydala, Ruttan Starkes, 2015). Native and Torres Strait Islander individuals' wellbeing drawback should be considered in the more extensive setting of social inconvenience, imbalance and prohibition, political underestimation and the verifiable streams of imperialism. With a specific end goal to discover procedures for wellbeing administrations for the Indigenous Australian need to assess recorded, social, social and political factors so as to comprehend the wellbeing disservice looked by Aboriginal people groups in contemporary society. This improves our insight into unequal wellbeing results amongst Aboriginal and non - Aboriginal individuals by concentrating on the effects of social structures and social fittingness of human services administrations (Hill et al., 2014). While the reporters of indigenous populace have been featuring the medical advantages identified with society and culture in regards to availability to properties and lands, numerous conceivable effects of wellbeing can add opportunities to incorporate enhanced training/workout and eating regimen. It can also likewise contribute to reconnect the Australian native and indigenous populace, with the conventional bases of economy. And aligned with such a reality, one can reason that by providing assistance to the conventional culture which incorporates administrative framework and standard law practices, will favour enhancing the status of soundness of people living inside the secluded territories. Introducing developments in the condition of health among these aboriginal communities has been treated as a long lasting matter for the government of Australia. The difference seen in the state of health between the non aboriginal and the aboriginal populations throughout Australia can be considered as unacceptable since a very long time. The inequalities experienced by these aboriginal and indigenous populations are mostly related to the basic and systematic issue of discrimination. In the past decades, the aboriginal and indigenous population neither received nor could enjoy equal opportunities of healthy living as much the non-indigenous populations did in Australia. Studies done by several researches also show a correlation between the health condition of the native aboriginal population with the social and economic status of the individuals. Evidently, poor health is related to poverty, and economic instability (Greenwood et al., 2015). Similarly, low literacy levels and educat ional standards are also very much related to the impoverished health status, and can negatively affect the ability of individuals accessing health related information and infrastructure. References Baydala, L., Ruttan, L., Starkes, J. (2015). Community-based participatory research with Aboriginal children and their communities: Research principles, practice and the social determinants of health.First Peoples Child Family Review,10(2), 82-94. Cameron, B. L., Plazas, M. D. P. C., Salas, A. S., Bearskin, R. L. B., Hungler, K. (2014). Understanding inequalities in access to health care services for Aboriginal people: a call for nursing action. Advances in Nursing Science, 37(3), E1-E16. Eades, S. (2015). Recent Research Addressing Health Inequalities among Australias Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. International Journal of Epidemiology, 44(suppl 1), i33-i33. Francis, R., Bekera, B. (2014). A metric and frameworks for resilience analysis of engineered and infrastructure systems.Reliability Engineering System Safety,121, 90-103. Garcia, M. H., Rodriguez, L., Ballesta, T., Bellido, G., Medrano, C., Sevillano, I., ... De La Red, H. (2016). EV459Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. Not just a matter of cultural diversity. European Psychiatry, 33, S495. Greenwood, M., De Leeuw, S., Lindsay, N. M., Reading, C. (Eds.). (2015). Determinants of Indigenous Peoples' Health. Canadian Scholars Press. Hill, A., Nailon, D., Getenet, S., McCrea, N., Emery, S., Dyment, J., Davis, J. M. (2014). Exploring how adults who work with young children conceptualise sustainability and describe their practice initiatives. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 39(3), 14. Lemelin, R. H., Koster, R., Youroukos, N. (2015). Tangible and intangible indicators of successful aboriginal tourism initiatives: A case study of two successful aboriginal tourism lodges in Northern Canada.Tourism management,47, 318-328. Lowell, A., Kildea, S., Liddle, M., Cox, B., Paterson, B. (2015). Supporting aboriginal knowledge and practice in health care: lessons from a qualitative evaluation of the strong women, strong babies, strong culture program. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 15(1), 19. Newman, L., Baum, F., Javanparast, S., O'Rourke, K., Carlon, L. (2015). Addressing social determinants of health inequities through settings: a rapid review.Health Promotion International,30(suppl_2), ii126-ii143. Parker, R., Milroy, H. (2014). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health: an overview.Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice,2, 25-38. Ramraj, C., Shahidi, F. V., Darity, W., Kawachi, I., Zuberi, D., Siddiqi, A. (2016). Equally inequitable? A cross-national comparative study of racial health inequalities in the United States and Canada. Social Science Medicine, 161, 19-26. Santoro, N., Kennedy, A. (2016). How is cultural diversity positioned in teacher professional standards? an international analysis. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 44(3), 208-223. Smith, J. D., Springer, S., Togno, J., Martin, M., Murphy, B., Wolfe, C. (2015). Developing a cultural immersion approach to teaching Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and culture.LIME Good Practice Case Studies Volume 3, 39.

Market segment Essay Example

Market segment Essay I will make some attractions to my business such as putting balloons outside my shop so that it will be noticed from a far distance and the balloons will have my business logo on it so people will know where it is from. In addition, balloons will attract children who are with an adult and will promote them come to my shop.  Marketing  I carried out a questionnaire, asking males and females my ten questions. My questionnaire will give me an idea of what people like the most about mobile phones and I will be able to find out the most popular features on a phone that are suitable to peoples needs. Using the information from my questionnaire and the specifications of the final business, I will evaluate the possible ways on marketing. I will be focusing on the marketing mix, the four Ps.  To obtain my marketing strategy, I need to mix the four Ps in the right proportion to achieve the best marketing mix. It is no good getting one P right. It would be a total waste of time for a business to open up a business, which no one has heard in the world. Each of the four Ps is essential to a marketing success. They must be properly mixed so that the whole package appeals to the target market in the chosen market segment. We will write a custom essay sample on Market segment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Market segment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Market segment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The most important one is product. Without the product, there would be no price, place or promotion. The product is the basis of the whole marketing process. My business is going to be on a mobile phone shop so for me to start the business I have to make sure that I have an enough number of mobile phones to sell.  The next one is price, which involves many different types of methods. These include complementary price, penetration price, promotional price, competitive pricing and skimming price. For my business, I will have to choose one that will be suitable for my business. I will choose a price to charge, state how I came to a final price and which pricing strategies I will use. I will also link the price to the other Ps. The next one is promotion. A business draws attention to itself and its products in this way. There are three main methods, which are:  I will look at what needs to be done at the current stage of the product life cycle and what needs to be done later. I will look at my target audience, the size of the market, the size of my advertising budget and state which mediums I will choose. I will conclude for my chosen advertising mediums. I will state the public relations involved including public demonstration and the company logo. The last P is place. This deals with how a business distributes its products. There are four main channels of distributions, which link the producer, seller, consumer or buyer. For my business, I will have to choose the channel of distribution, which is most suitable for my business.  At the introductory stage of the product life cycle, a lot of advertising is required. I will focus on television, radio and newspaper advertising at first because it will create awareness to a large audience, which is essential at this stage of the product life cycle. I will focus on other types of advertising later on in the product life cycle.

Global Trends and Strategy within the United States

Global Trends and Strategy within the United States Introduction Over the past decade, many tumultuous events have taken place within the United States. Over the past ten years, there has been a severe economic depression, a terrorist attack, a significant crunch of the U.S. stock markets, mass layoffs, and a meltdown of the housing sector. Unemployment rate climbed to an all time high of 10 percent for the first time since 1983 that followed the severe recession of 1980s (Fernald, 1999, p. 771).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Trends and Strategy within the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, following the recent recession, labor and capital mobility have declined while poverty levels have increased. Nevertheless, by the beginning of 2010, the U.S. economy began to show signs of recovery with new job opportunities. However, the wages paid across many sectors are not satisfactory. Normally, changes in the stock market indicators, labor mobility, and rise in people’s wealth are used in assessing the condition of the U.S. economy. In recent times, local economic development dominates the U.S. politics with many calling for the adoption of entrepreneurial strategies. Currently, trends in development policies focus more on job creation and entrepreneurship than on the provision of public goods and social services (Sperling, 2008, p. 78).These strategies are in response to the rising levels of unemployment, poverty, and economic recession. The current trends and strategies within the United States lay more emphasis on the job and wealth creation. The U.S. Financial Crisis The current financial crisis in the United States can be attributed to two main factors: ineffective regulatory mechanism and global policies that influence liquidity. Prior to the crisis, the interest rates in the United States were relatively high. Other countries, like Japan or China, had zero interest rates and fixed exchange rates respecti vely. This significantly affected liquidity resulting to the crisis. At the same time, the U.S. regulatory framework could not adequately protect the local financial markets from global forces. In other words, the past policy options involving incentives particularly the residential mortgage backed securities (RMBS) of 2004 (Moretti, 2004, p. 117) contributed to the financial crisis. In 2004, three factors contributed significantly to the crisis. The first factor involves the establishment of the zero equity mortgages under the past regime (Koven, Lyons, 2010, p. 89). These aimed at improving access to mortgages by low-income earners. Second, the high capital requirements by the regulator, the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO), forced banks to offer low interest mortgages to low income earners.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Third, the invest ment banks were allowed to manage their own risks based on their capital reserves. Prior to 2004, stringent rules allowed for 1: 15 equity to debt ratio (Moretti, 2004, p. 121). However, under the new scheme, investment banks at liberty to implement a skewed ratio in order to generate more revenue. The crisis in the mortgage sector eventually spread to include the U.S. money markets crippling the entire financial system of the U.S. and the U.K. financial systems as well. As a result, the money markets could not finance development or personal consumption leading to massive layoffs. Currently, it is increasingly difficult to raise funds for financing infrastructural development. Thus, common global trends focus on wealth creation. Common Global Economic Trends The slowdown in economic growth in developed economies has had significant impacts on the economies of other countries through financial and trade linkages. Before the recent economic recession and rise in terrorist threats, th e leading world economies did not undertake to adopt a common macroeconomic policy to revive the world economy (Fernald, 1999, p. 784). Additionally, in the short-term money markets, both financial and non-financial institutions employ all manner of measures to raise funds for financing their investments. This affected the inter bank markets. Consequently, currently, central banks globally have undertaken measures to increase liquidity of the inter bank markets. However, not much success has been achieved in the inter bank markets. Currently, manufacturing companies have established an operating plan that takes into account many parameters to increase cash flow or liquidity and profit margins. Additionally, under Basel II, banks employ various internal mechanisms to assess their capital needs not only for the determination of the price risks in their operations but also, and more importantly, for the inter bank credit risks (Koven, Lyons, 2010, p. 81). Effective regulation, though intrusive, compels banks to act favorably to ensure economic. Regulators, often the central banks, normally implement policies that specifically promote financial market and macroeconomic banking stability. Recent statistical figures show that the recovery of the U.S. economy is slow than earlier anticipated. The growth in the United States economy is attributed to increased consumer spending despite the sharp decline in household wealth resulting from a reduction in the equity value and increased unemployment rates.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Trends and Strategy within the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Stimulus packages involving temporary tax cuts have also boosted household income (Sperling, 2008, p. 80). However, because the wages are still low, the savings are still low. Additionally, the declining mortgage rates have provided more resources for improved consumption. In other indust rialized nations such as European countries and Japan, various measures have been undertaken to protect the local economies from external shocks. In Europe, effective use of macroeconomic policies ensures the stability of disposable income and prevents external shocks. Additionally, European bloc has implemented a fiscal plan that aims at maximizing the utilization of labor and capital. In Japan, the domestic investment and demand are low with the domestic demand growth rate being 1.2 per cent in the year 2000. Developing economies, on the other hand, remain relatively unaffected by the global economic downturn save for a decline in demand for their exports. Economic Strategies within the United States In the United States, increased monitoring and enforcement of high standards of transparency has been adopted. Because the financial sector is closely tied to the real U.S. economy, many policies implemented aim at improving the macroeconomic environment following the 2007 financial c risis. In 2007, financial institutions acted quickly to increase access to bank liquidity. By December, the same year, a Federal reserve was established to increase coordination between the main central banks within the United States. Moreover, to contain the crisis, the central banks embraced unconventional monetary policies particularly with regard to lending rates. In general, the U.S. strategic policies fundamentally revolve around two main priority areas: enhancing competition and ethical governance of financial markets and reviving economic growth on a long-term basis. Corporate reports of 2008 show that there is a decline in R D spending. A recent survey by the Aberdeen group established a decline in R D spending and a reduction in investments particularly on innovations (Visdwanathan, 2010, p. 2). According to the report, over fifty percent of companies indicated the use of business information systems in 2008.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The report further indicates that 78 percent of companies focus on managing demand as opposed to investing in innovation (Visdwanathan, 2010, p. 7). Normally, fewer manufacturing firms enter into the market during recession times. In response to this, the U.S. has provided a favorable environment for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to fill this gap and create more employment opportunities. However, the output in small companies is much lower than in large firms. Consequently, the employee benefits are also low. Additionally, the U.S. has put in place a stimulus package to put the country back to sustainable economic growth. In particular, the stimulus package targets innovation and the improvement of potential innovations in the various sectors of the economy. In this way, job creation and entrepreneurship can be enhanced. Currently, the policies adopted aim at encouraging industrial renewal and removing obstacles to small-scale entrepreneurship. Mush efforts have been made to i ncrease SMEs access to credit through bank recapitalization and improvement of the loan schemes for SMEs. All these efforts aim at easing the liquidity constraints faced by small enterprises and thus encourage entrepreneurship. This will increase wealth, job creation in the long term, and help revive the economy. Conclusion The 2007 global downturn caused unprecedented collapse of financial markets on a global scale including the U.S. financial markets. Additionally, the unemployment rates rose sharply following massive layoffs, as firms were not profitable during the recession period. A common trend in most countries is to revive the small-scale enterprises. In the United States, various strategies adopted include economic stimulus packages to stimulate innovation and removal of the liquidity constraints that SMEs face and increase access to credit. In recession period, the large firms particularly manufacturing firms scale down their operations. However, small enterprises that the U.S. economic strategies target have the potential of creating new jobs to curb the high unemployment rates. Reference List Fernald, J. (1999). Roads to Prosperity? Assessing the Link between Public Capital and Prosperity. American Economic Review, 89 (3), 771−783. Koven, S., Lyons, T. (2010). Economic Development: Strategies for State and  Local Practice. London: International City. Moretti, E. (2004).Workers’ Education, Spillovers, and Productivity: Evidence From Plant-Level Production Functions. American Economic Review, 94 (3), 117−121. Sperling, G. (2008). The Pro−Growth Progressive: An Economic Strategy for  Shared Prosperity. New York: Simon Schuster. Visdwanathan, N. (2010). Sales and Operations Planning: Strategies For Managing Complexity within Global Supply Chains. Aberdeen Group, 2−7.

Ethics and governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethics and governance - Essay Example The action by the Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) to investigate BP was to audit its safety standards. Hence, this decision was based on the oil fire incidence at BP which killed 15 of its workers and injured 170 others as well. This is due to the fact that the company had ignored this issue for a long time. The report notes that this company was plagued by years-of cost cutting which in turn increased its vulnerability to this catastrophe in its refinery in Texas. The other actor in this case is BP Company itself through its management and workers; in which case its decision was based on the need to improve its image in the oil market according to Mortishead, (2005, p. 8). From the above BP’s case, there are a range of possible consequences based on the reports findings. One such possible consequence is the remarkable improvement in the compliance to safety standards by BP and other companies as well. In so doing, these oil firms would have to embrace the tenets of ethics and governance. In this regard, they shall have to implement fundamental organizational changes to ensure for them to be virtuous. The other actual consequence is the loss of market leadership position by BP to its competitors. According to the CSB report, the company had been noted to be more concerned with profit maximization through cost cutting at the expense of ensuring that its employees were safe. As noted by Carl, BP’s main concerns were in terms of meeting its production targets, budgets and operational goals but not safety. This is best captured by the management’s decision to opt to cut- costs with the main emphasis being on saving of such costs for ot her uses. To the other companies, this action by CSB would result to them being under both public and government over safety compliance. One of the key decisions which are culpable in BP’s case can be

Strategic management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic management - Assignment Example Corporate strategy is basically about finding ways to generate value when different lines of business under the same company pool their resources. How can diversifying the corporate operations or launching into a new line of business assist the company in competing with other businesses? Diversification Strategy Diversification strategies are employed to develop a company’s operations by adding products, markets, production stages or services to the existing business. The aim of corporate diversification is to permit the business to participate in lines of business that are not the same as those in their current operations. Concentric diversification is descriptive of when the new business is strategically connected to the present lines of business. Conglomerate diversification, on the other hand, is descriptive of the situation when there is no familiarity or link between the old and new lines of business. Development strategies usually result in a considerable increase in ma rket share or sales objectives past previous levels of organizational performance (Gerami 2010). Many business establishments pursue different growth strategies on a regular basis. One of the main reasons for this is the fact that most business executives consider that greater investment will result in even bigger results. Increases in sales are frequently used as a measure for organizational performance. Even if the business profits stay constant or start to decrease, sales increases usually satisfy many organizational representatives. The presumption is usually made among corporate executives that increases in sales sooner or later result in large profits. Vertical diversification Diversification strategies are usually categorized according to the direction that the diversification takes (Cameron and Quinn 2011). Vertical integration is descriptive of when corporations take on new business functions at diverse stages of the manufacturing process. Participation in the different lev els of production can be initiated by procuring a different company (external diversification), or within the corporation (internal diversification). In the horizontal variety of diversification, or integration, the corporation basically moves into new corporate operations at the same level of manufacture. Vertical integration is normally associated with existing business functions and is perceived as being a form of concentric diversification. Horizontal integration, on the other hand, is presumed to be a conglomerate or concentric variety of diversification. Vertical Integration The steps that a manufactured commodity passes through in the process of being changed from being a raw material to being a finished product ready for use by the consumer make up the assorted stages of manufacture (Lumby and Jones 2004). When a corporation diversifies when on a level where it is closer to the level where raw materials are handled in the production stages, it is said to be taking the route of the strategy of backward vertical integration. Avon is an example of a company that deals in cosmetics. It's main line of business has been in presenting its products to customers on a door-to-door basis (Robertson and Caldart 2009). Some years ago, Avon decided to change its strategy. It basically followed a backward type of vertical integration when it started experimenting with different substances and

English Lit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

English Lit - Essay Example This is true to some extent, but again it cannot be generalized. This thesis statement can be more closely introspected if we give a thorough gaze and reviewing glance to the two great American autobiographies of the contemporary times. The two books taken into consideration are â€Å"The Autobiography of Malcolm X† by Malcolm X published in the year 1965 and â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings† by Maya Angelou published in the year 1969. â€Å"The Autobiography of Malcolm X† cannot be granted as an Autobiography in its truest sense as it was written by Alex Haley during the years 1964 and 1965. According to Haley, the book was written on the basis of the interview conducted by Haley with the great historical figure Malcolm X and the interview was conducted shortly before his death. The book was published in the year 1965 with an epilogue just after the death of Malcolm. Here lies the greatest controversy on the fact and fiction. Times Magazine claims â€Å"The Autobiography of Malcolm X† as â€Å"one of the most important nonfiction books of the 20th century† (Gray, 1998). But an autobiography should depend on the testimony and not on documentation. Haley himself admitted in his documentary â€Å"Eyes on the Prize† about the difficulty of recording the life and experience of Malcolm X as he was averse to talking about personal issues and was more keen on discussing about the â€Å"Nation of Islam† (American Experience, n.d.). Again, in a more controversial document, historian Manning Marable claimed that just before writing the book, Haley had collaborated with FBI to produce misleading criticism on Malcolm and his Nation of Islam. This is again a possibility for the distraction of truth and will always remain open for controversies and criticism (Democracy Now!, 2005). â€Å"The Autobiography of Malcolm X† encapsulates the upbringing of Malcolm in Michigan and his experience of adulthood to the quest of maturity in the city of Boston and New York.

Emerging retail formats in india

Emerging retail formats in india Retailing has been defined as business activities involved in selling goods and services to consumers for their personal, family or household use (Berman and Evans, 2001). Although retailing has been around for millennia, the 20th century witnessed a lot of change in the retail sector, especially in the developed countries. Modern formats such as department stores, discount stores, supermarkets, convenience stores, fast food outlets, speciality stores, warehouse retailers and hypermarkets have emerged. Retailing has become more organized and chain stores have been growing at the expense of independent shops. The chains are utilizing sophisticated information technology and communication to manage their operations and have grown rapidly not only within their home countries like US, UK, France, Germany and Holland but to other developed countries. Walmart Stores, the US retailer, was recognized as the largest firm in terms of sales in 2002 in Fortune magazines list of 500 largest globa l firms. Modern retail formats have also spread beyond developed countries and are becoming more important in the NICs and developing countries. 3 The emergence of new formats and the evolution of modern retail in India has attracted attention in recent years. The business press in India has carried several articles and news items in the last three years about the modern formats (Shukla 2001; Anand Rajshekhar, 2001; Bhattacharjee, 2001). The consulting firm KSA Technopak has organized retail meetings or summits in major metros which have witnessed participation from major domestic and international retailers, and also from manufacturers. Venugopal (2001), has discussed the census studies of retail outlets that the market research firm ORG MARG conducted in the 1990s. This census provided data and estimates on a number of parameters relating to Indian retail such as number and type of outlets and growth of outlets over time separately for urban and rural areas. Due to these reports and activities, there is good deal of information available about what is happening in Indian retail. However Indian retailing has received sparse a ttention by way of academic research with the exception of a few articles in academic journals and some case studies. Purpose of the study. The purpose of this report is to develop an understanding of the factors influencing the evolution of modern formats in Indian retailing Objective of the study The report investigates modern retail developments and growth of modern formats in this country. The challenges and opportunities available to the retailers to succeed in this country. Literature review: Indian retailing is undergoing a process of evolution and is poised to undergo dramatic transformation. The retail sector employs over 8% of the national workforce but is characterized by a high degree of fragmentation with over 5 million outlets, 96% of whom are very small with an area of less than 50 m2 (Aggarwal, 2000). The retail universe more than doubled between 1978 and 1996 and the number of outlets per 1000 people at an All India level, increased from 3.7 in 1978 to 5.6 in 1996. For the urban sector alone, the shop density increased from 4 per 1000 people in 1978 to 7.6 per 1000 people in 1996 (Venugopal, 2001). Because of their small size, Indian retailers have very little bargaining power with manufacturers and perform only a few of the flows in marketing channels unlike in the case of retailers in developed countries, ( Sarma , 2000). The corner grocer or the kirana store is a key element in the retail in India due to the housewifes unwillingness to go long distances for purchasing daily needs. An empirical study was carried out by Sinha et al ( 2002) to identify factors that influenced consumers choice of a store. Although convenience and merchandise were the two most important reasons for choosing a store, the choice criteria varied across product categories. Convenience was indicated by consumers as the most important reason in the choice of groceries and fruit outlets, chemists and lifestyle items while merchandise was indicated as the most important in durables, books and apparel. The traditional formats like hawkers, grocers and paan shops co exist with modern formats like supermarkets, and non store retailing channels such as multi level marketing and teleshopping. Example of modern formats include department stores like Akbarallys , supermarkets like Food World, franchise stores like Van Heusen and Lee, discount stores like Subhiksha, shop-in-shops, factory outlets and service retailers ( Nathan , 2001). Modern stores tend to be larger, carry more stock keeping units have a self service format and an experiential ambience. Modern formats also tend to have higher levels of sales per unit of space, stock turnover and gross margin but lower levels of net margin as compared to traditional formats (Radhakrishnan, 2003). Modernisation in retail formats is likely to happen quicker in categories like Dry groceries, electronics, Mens apparel, Books, Music. Some reshaping and adaptation my also happen in Fresh groceries, Womens apparel, fast food, and personal care p roducts (Fernandes et al, 2000). In recent years, there has been a slow spread of retail chains in some formats like supermarkets, department stores, malls and discount stores. Factors facilitating the spread of chains are the availability of quality products at lower prices, improved shopping standards, convenient shopping and display, and blending of shopping withentertainment, and the entry of industrial houses like Goenkas, Rahejas, Piramals and Tatas into retailing ( Ramaswamy and Namakumari, 2002). However formats are not easily scalable across the country. Several companies have found that it is not easy to expand beyond some regions and cities as evident from the examples of Margin Free Market and Foodworld, which are active only in a few states or cities. Affordable real estate prices and availability of sufficient number of economically well off households in the catchment area are critical requirements that will determine new store viability and thus the possibility of further expansion (Anand and Rajashekhar, 2001). According to Rao (2001), foreign direct investment in the retail sector in India, although not yet permitted by government, is desirable, as it would improve productivity and increase competitiveness. New stores will introduce efficiency. Customers also gain as prices in the new stores tend to be lower. The consequences of modernization in India may be somewhat different due to lower purchasing power and the new stores may cater to only to branded products aimed at upper income segments. However it will be wise for old style stores to join together into wholesale and retail groups to improve bargaining power as experience in developed markets such as UK has shown that the modernization in retail has led to the decline of independent mom and pop stores. The need for a fresh perspective while developing theories to explain the new developments has been stressed by Bennett et al (1998). The Indian retail environment is witnessing several changes on the demand side due to increased per capita income, changing lifestyle and increased product availability. Experience of retailing in US shows that existing theories of retail development based on changing consumer needs, are inadequate to explain new developments. In developed markets, there has been a power shift with power moving from manufacturers towards retailers. The strategies used by retailers to wrest power include the development of retailers own brands, and the introduction of slotting allowances which necessitate payments by manufacturers to retailers for providing shelf space for new products. Retailers have also used technology effectively to obtain usable information about consumer buying patterns. The increased power of retailers has led to the introduction of new tactics b y manufacturers such as everyday low pricing, partnerships with retailers and increased use of direct marketing methods. Because of these issues, a supply side perspective needs to be fused with the demand side in developing theories for explaining modernization in retail. Research design: In order to fulfill the objectives of the study primary as well as secondary data have been collected to analyze the trends in modern retail formats meticulously. To analyze the emerging trends in shoppers behavior 30 shop keepers from 6 Malls operating in Ahmedabad will be interviewed. And for the rest part of the country secondary data published by different research institutions like TSMG, CSSO, Future Group, NCAER etc have been considered to draw the key inferences.

Analysis Of Sea Fever By John Masefield :: essays research papers

John Masefield's poem "Sea Fever" is a work of art that brings beauty to the English language through its use of rhythm, imagery and many complex figures of speech. The meter in "Sea Fever" follows the movement of the tall ship in rough water through its use of iambs and hard hitting spondees. Although written primarily in iambic meter, the meter in "Sea Fever" varies throughout the poem. The imagery in "Sea Fever" suggests an adventurous ocean that appeals to all five senses. Along with an adventurous ocean, "Sea Fever" also sets a mood of freedom through imagery of traveling gypsies. Perhaps, the most complex part of this poem is the use of personification and metaphor. These figures of speech go beyond the meter and imagery to compare life to a sea voyage and portray a strong longing for the sea. The two main themes of "Sea Fever" bring the reader closer to the sea and help the reader understand why the speaker must return to the sea. "Sea Fever" not only depicts a strong longing for the sea through its theme, but also through use of complex figures of speech, imagery, and meter. "Sea Fever" is an excellent example of varied meter which follows the actions of a tall ship through high seas and strong wind. Lines one and two contain the common iambic meter found throughout the poem. "Sea Fever" may be categorized as a sea chantey due to its iambic meter and natural rhythm which gives it a song like quality. This song like quality is created through the use of iambic meter and alliteration. For example, lines three and ten contain the repeated consonant sound of the letter "w". In line three, the meter becomes spondaic through the use of strongly stressed syllables. These spondees suggest the repeated slapping of waves against the bow of the ship. As a result, John Masefield creates an image of powerful ocean swells. In addition to the meter suggesting the repeated slap of the waves, "the wheel's kick" is a reference to the ship's steering wheel spinning out of control. To further support the theory of the waves slapping against the bow, "The wheels kick" suggests that the tall ship is traversing very storm seas. Through the combining of iambic and spondaic meter, "Sea Fever" not only gains a magnificent rhythm, but gives clues into the location and movement of the tall